Is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (rs1799752) Polymorphism Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Egyptian Population?
Hasan H. Essobky
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
Ahmed E. S. Abdel–Megied
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
Hatem El–Mezayen
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.
Omar Farouk
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Sherif Refaat
Department of Oncology, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Sahar M. Hamed *
Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, breast cancer was found to be the most often diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, (11.7 %) and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality (6.9 %).
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in breast cancer prediction risk in Egyptian population.
Methods: Polymorphism detection analysis was performed on 163 subjects from breast cancer (BC) patients, 79 with Benign Breast Disease group (BBD) patients and 202 controls (C). ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: The observed genotype frequencies were II 10.9%, ID 78.2% and DD 10.9% in healthy control, II 8.6%, ID 79.1% and DD 12.3% in BC patients and II 12.6%, ID 78.4% and DD 9% in BBD patients. There were no association between ACE gene polymorphisms, between the BC or BBD groups when compared to the control group (ORDD= 1.43, 95 % CI= (0.58-3.52), P= 0.29) and (ORDD= 1.29, 95 % CI= (0.57-2.95), P= 0.37) respectively. There was no risk estimate in BC or BBD when DD vs II + ID (Recessive) or ID vs II+ DD (Over-dominant) were compared to control. Allele frequencies show the same figure. From the different histological BC hormonal markers the Her2 was showing significant association in ID genotype of ACE I/D (rs1799752) (P= 0.04) and dominant model (II vs ID + DD, P= 0.03). Concerning different BC prognostic models, the poor prognostic one of Her2 enriched model (ER-ve PR-ve Her2+ve) show significant association in ACE genotype ID and dominant model (II vs ID + DD), (P= 0.01) when compared to the good prognostic hormonal status.
Conclusion: It seems that this is the first study that interested in correlate the ACE gene polymorphisms in different BC variants characters in Egyptian patients. ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism ID genotype have strong association to breast cancer carcinogenesis, poor prognosis and metastasis. It may be used as practical biomarker to guide the BC carcinogenesis and risk process.
Keywords: Breast cancer, ACE, polymorphism, genotypes, risk factor