The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Patients Attending Defence Headquarters Medical Centre, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,
Page 15-22
DOI:
10.9734/ajbgmb/2022/v11i430277
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection is a global public health problem and is endemic in sub Saharan Africa. This disease has different modes of transmission and the infection is usually common in developing countries, including Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HBsAg among patients attending Defence Headquarters Medical Centre, Asokoro, Abuja. The work was a random cross-sectional study that included 260 patients during the period of May to July 2020. A rapid diagnostic test kit was used for the screening for HBsAg. Out of the 260 patients tested, 10 were positive, giving a prevalence of 3.8%. The highest prevalence based on age was found among those aged 27 to 36 years with 2.28% seropositivity. The infection was highest among the low class of socioeconomic status with 5.21%. Patients who were not knowledgeable about the disease had a higher prevalence rate of 13.60% and lastly females had a higher prevalence rate of 4.55% compared to males (3.33). The prevalence of Hepatitis B infection is quite high in the studied population, which could have some public health implications. Recommendations have, therefore, been advanced to control and possibly eradicate the disease in no distant time.
Keywords:
- Hepatitis B
- infection
- seroprevalence
- random cross-sectional study
- abuja
How to Cite
Abioye, J. O. K., Omojo, A. M., & Lanzema, O. A. (2022). The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Patients Attending Defence Headquarters Medical Centre, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 11(4), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2022/v11i430277
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Beasley R, Stevens C, Shiao I, Meng H. Article on the evidence against breastfeeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis B. Journal for Clinicians. 1975;2:740-741.
Guglielmo Borgia, Maria Aurora Carleo, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Ivan Gentile. Hepatitis B in pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(34):4677–4683
Margolis H, Alter M, Hadler S. Viral hepatitis. Viral infections of humans. Epidemiology and control.4th edition, New York Publishing Corporation, NY. 1997; 363-418.
Williams I, Smith M, Sinha D. Hepatitis B virus transmission in an elementary school setting. Journal of American Medicine. 1997;278:2167-2169.
Alter M, Margolis H. The emergence of hepatitis B as a sexually transmitted disease. Journal on Med Clin North. 1990;74:1529-1541.
Martinson F, Weigle K, Royce R. Risk factors for horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in a rural district in Ghana. Journal of Epidemiology. 1998;147:478-487.
Dienstag J. Hepatitis B virus infection in the relationship of mutations in the HBV genome to genotypes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359(14):1486-1500.
Mahoney F. Update on diagnosis, management and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Clinical Miicrobiology. 1999;12:351-366.
Chen C, Yu M, Liaw Y. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal on Gastroenterology. 1997;12:294-308.
Jensen D, Te H. Neonatal vitamin D levels in relation to risk of hepatitis. Journal of Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus: A Global Overview. 2010;14(1):1-21.
Terrault NA, Lok AS, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1560-1599.
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Ajide B, Adogo L, Bulus K, Abioye J. Serological screening of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Medical centre Mararaba, Nassarawa state. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research. 2016;7(12.4,10):150-161.
Devesa M, Rodriguez C, Leon G. Clade analysis and surface antigen polymorphism of hepatitis B virus American genotypes. Journal of Medical Virology. 2004;72:377-384.
Custer B, Sullivan S, Hazlet T. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. Jouranal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2004;38:158-168.
Chen C, Wang L, Yu M. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal on Gastroenterology. 2000;15:3-6.
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Chen C, Chang M. Hepatitis B and pregnancy; the scientific basis for perinatal with chronic hepatitis B infection. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2010; 15(36):78-82.
Rabiu K, Akintola O, Adewunmi A, Omololu O, Ojo T. Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Biological Science. 2010;89(2):1024-8.
Okunade K, Adegbesan M, Gbadegesin A, Oluwole A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2015;18(6):819-823.
Musa B, Bussell S, Borodo M, Samila A, Femi O. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013; a systematic review and meta analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2015; 18(2):163-172.
Olokoba A, Salawu F, Danbiram A, Olonkoba L, Midala J. Hepatitis B virus infection in North East Nigeria, a call for action. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2011;14(1):10-13.
Adeyemi A, Enabor O, Ugwu I, Abraham O, Bello F, Olayemi O. Prevalence of antenatal hepatitis B infection in tertiary and non-tertiary health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2014;23(3):248-253.
Yakassai I, Ayuba R, Abubakar I, Ibrahim S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its risk factors in Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Kano. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinic Reproductive Science. 2012;1(1):49-55.
Abba K. Serological screening of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at medical center Mararaba Nasarawa state. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2016;23(1):200-220.
Jatau E, Yabaya A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women attending a clinic in Zaria, Nigeria. Science World Journal. 2009;4(1):7-9.
Ndams I, Joshua I, Luka S, Sadiq H. Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Minna, Nigeria. Science World Journal. 2008;3(3):5-8.
Alam MM, Zaidi SZ, Malik SA, Shaukat S, Naeem A, Sharif S, Angez M, Butt JA. Molecular epidermiology of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Pakistan. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2007;7:115.
Mehmet D, Melksah E, Sherif Y, Gunay S, Tuner O, Zeryep S. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Southeastern region of Turkey, comparison of risk factors for HBV infection in rural and urban Areas. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005;58: 15-19.
Noori S, Gol-Mohamadi A, Sarbazi MR, Safaee A, Fasar AR. Epidermiological features of Hepatitis B and C infections in a high risk population: Results of screening programs. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench. PubMed/Google Scholar. 2013;6(3):136-140.
Laurent, G, Alejandra C and Hans, W (2009), Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, infection awareness and disease knowledge among inmates:a cross sectional study in Switzerland’s largest pre trial prison. Journal of Global Health, 22(10):167-172.
Joan Nankya-Mutyoba, Jim Aizire, Fredrick Makumbi, Lynn Atuyambe, Ponsiano Ocama, Gregory D Kirk. Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: A cross-sectional study. Hepatol Med Policy. 2018;3:14.
Abioye J, Rotgak E, Adebola M. Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending antenatal at Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering and Technology. 2017;4(11):181-191.
WHO. Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization services. World Health Organization (ed) Geneva; 2001.
Beasley R, Stevens C, Shiao I, Meng H. Article on the evidence against breastfeeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis B. Journal for Clinicians. 1975;2:740-741.
Guglielmo Borgia, Maria Aurora Carleo, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Ivan Gentile. Hepatitis B in pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(34):4677–4683
Margolis H, Alter M, Hadler S. Viral hepatitis. Viral infections of humans. Epidemiology and control.4th edition, New York Publishing Corporation, NY. 1997; 363-418.
Williams I, Smith M, Sinha D. Hepatitis B virus transmission in an elementary school setting. Journal of American Medicine. 1997;278:2167-2169.
Alter M, Margolis H. The emergence of hepatitis B as a sexually transmitted disease. Journal on Med Clin North. 1990;74:1529-1541.
Martinson F, Weigle K, Royce R. Risk factors for horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in a rural district in Ghana. Journal of Epidemiology. 1998;147:478-487.
Dienstag J. Hepatitis B virus infection in the relationship of mutations in the HBV genome to genotypes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359(14):1486-1500.
Mahoney F. Update on diagnosis, management and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Clinical Miicrobiology. 1999;12:351-366.
Chen C, Yu M, Liaw Y. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal on Gastroenterology. 1997;12:294-308.
Jensen D, Te H. Neonatal vitamin D levels in relation to risk of hepatitis. Journal of Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus: A Global Overview. 2010;14(1):1-21.
Terrault NA, Lok AS, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1560-1599.
Gish R, Locarnini S. Chronic hepatitis B viral infection. Textbook Gastroenterology. 5th ed. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing UK. 2009;1:12.
Ajide B, Adogo L, Bulus K, Abioye J. Serological screening of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Medical centre Mararaba, Nassarawa state. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research. 2016;7(12.4,10):150-161.
Devesa M, Rodriguez C, Leon G. Clade analysis and surface antigen polymorphism of hepatitis B virus American genotypes. Journal of Medical Virology. 2004;72:377-384.
Custer B, Sullivan S, Hazlet T. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. Jouranal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2004;38:158-168.
Chen C, Wang L, Yu M. Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region. Journal on Gastroenterology. 2000;15:3-6.
Prescott L, Harley J, Klien D. Basics of Microbiology. 7th Edition. McGraw Hill, New York. 2008;936-938.
Schiff E, Sorrell M, Maddrey W. Schiff’s diseases of humans.10th edition. Vol 1. Lippincott Williams press Philadelphiia, USA. 2007;29:745-785.
Avaialble:www.latlong.net
Adebola T, Akin O, Abdulsalami N. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection in Nigeria: A National survey. The American Journal of tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2016;48.
Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries part 2. 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom. 2006;250-252.
Chen C, Chang M. Hepatitis B and pregnancy; the scientific basis for perinatal with chronic hepatitis B infection. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2010; 15(36):78-82.
Rabiu K, Akintola O, Adewunmi A, Omololu O, Ojo T. Risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Biological Science. 2010;89(2):1024-8.
Okunade K, Adegbesan M, Gbadegesin A, Oluwole A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2015;18(6):819-823.
Musa B, Bussell S, Borodo M, Samila A, Femi O. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013; a systematic review and meta analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2015; 18(2):163-172.
Olokoba A, Salawu F, Danbiram A, Olonkoba L, Midala J. Hepatitis B virus infection in North East Nigeria, a call for action. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2011;14(1):10-13.
Adeyemi A, Enabor O, Ugwu I, Abraham O, Bello F, Olayemi O. Prevalence of antenatal hepatitis B infection in tertiary and non-tertiary health facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2014;23(3):248-253.
Yakassai I, Ayuba R, Abubakar I, Ibrahim S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its risk factors in Aminu Kano teaching hospital, Kano. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinic Reproductive Science. 2012;1(1):49-55.
Abba K. Serological screening of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at medical center Mararaba Nasarawa state. Nigerian Journal of Medicine. 2016;23(1):200-220.
Jatau E, Yabaya A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women attending a clinic in Zaria, Nigeria. Science World Journal. 2009;4(1):7-9.
Ndams I, Joshua I, Luka S, Sadiq H. Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Minna, Nigeria. Science World Journal. 2008;3(3):5-8.
Alam MM, Zaidi SZ, Malik SA, Shaukat S, Naeem A, Sharif S, Angez M, Butt JA. Molecular epidermiology of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Pakistan. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2007;7:115.
Mehmet D, Melksah E, Sherif Y, Gunay S, Tuner O, Zeryep S. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Southeastern region of Turkey, comparison of risk factors for HBV infection in rural and urban Areas. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2005;58: 15-19.
Noori S, Gol-Mohamadi A, Sarbazi MR, Safaee A, Fasar AR. Epidermiological features of Hepatitis B and C infections in a high risk population: Results of screening programs. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench. PubMed/Google Scholar. 2013;6(3):136-140.
Laurent, G, Alejandra C and Hans, W (2009), Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, infection awareness and disease knowledge among inmates:a cross sectional study in Switzerland’s largest pre trial prison. Journal of Global Health, 22(10):167-172.
Joan Nankya-Mutyoba, Jim Aizire, Fredrick Makumbi, Lynn Atuyambe, Ponsiano Ocama, Gregory D Kirk. Correlates of hepatitis B awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pregnant women in Northern and Central Uganda: A cross-sectional study. Hepatol Med Policy. 2018;3:14.
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