Antimicrobial Resistance and Phenotypic Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Children with Cases of Diarrhea in Nasarawa-South, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Zakou AT *
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria and Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Ngwai YB
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria.
Nkene IH
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria.
Ishaleku D
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria.
Abimiku RH
Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
Ekeleme IK
Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli from children with cases of diarrhea in Nasarawa-south, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Nasarawa South, Nigeria, in 2023.
Methodology: A total of 251 non-duplicate E. coli isolates were collected from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia (DASHL), General Hospitals Awe (GHA), General Hospital Doma (GHD), General Hospital Obi (GHO) and General Hospital Keana (GHK); and confirmed using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of ESBL production in the isolates were carried out using disc diffusion methods.
Results: The isolates were highly resistant (74.0-100.0%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ceftriaxone and streptomycin in all the selected hospitals, but less resistance (0-7.8%) to Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime. All the antibiotic resistance isolates were multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) with MAR indices above 0.2; and more than 90.0% in all hospitals were multidrug resistance (MDR) isolates. The occurrence of ESBL producing isolates was highest in DASHL (7.8%), GHK and GHD (2.0%) but none of the isolates from GHA were ESBL producers.
Conclusion: Extended-spectrum third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were very effective against the isolates, even though most of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The molecular diversity of the ESBL-producing isolates is being investigated.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, antimicrobial, diarrhea, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Nigeria