The Physiological and Pharmacological Roles of Melatonin and Pregabalin
Possible Okikiola Popoola *
Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Ogechi Cecilia Ofor
Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Nigeria.
Chinasa Godsgift Eni
Department of Biomedical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
Christian Albert Agyei-Acheampong
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Chinedum Ojinaka Okafor
Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health System, USA.
Emmanuel Niyi Olowe
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dominus Veterinary Investment, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adnan Musa
Department of Public Health and Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University, Russia.
Oluwatoyin Olabimpe Olofin
Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria.
Sandra Ngozika Offor
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, Louisiana, USA.
Tosin Olaniran
Department of Pure and Applied Biology (Microbiology), Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Melatonin and pregabalin are two important compounds that are broadly used in the fields of physiological and medicinal sciences. Melatonin is a primary hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland and plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, and neuroimmune processes. Its strong antioxidant anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties have protected it against a wide range of diseases, from cancer to neurological disorders. In this study, the synthesis of melatonin will be widely studied, mainly regarding its role in regulating circadian rhythms and sleep, and its possible therapeutic use in treating neurological diseases and inflammation-related disorders.
Pregabalin is an analog of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), with anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic actions. Clinical practice has widely utilized it because studies indicate that it is useful in treating a variety of conditions: fibromyalgia, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and generalized anxiety disorder. This article reviews aspects of the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin, its useful functions in pain treatment, and its impact on calcium channel regulation. The review also discusses indications of pregabalin in therapy, along with its possible side effects. This review article aims to consider the molecular processes underlying the activities of melatonin and pregabalin and their therapeutic potential for the management of sleep disorders, inflammation, and neurological diseases to future use of these compounds clinically.
Keywords: Melatonin, pregabalin, therapeutic, inflammatory, Circadian rhythm