Impact of TP53 Gain-of-Function Mutations on Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer Progression
Farida Jazuli Usman *
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Dikshat Gopal Gupta
Department of Urology & Pathology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America (USA), The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sarki A Abdulkadir
Department of Urology & Pathology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America (USA), The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA and Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Ibrahim Muhammad Usman
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Adamu Jibrin Alhassan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Young A Yoo
Department of Urology & Pathology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States of America (USA) and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Haris Jaafar Bello
Department of Biochemistry, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria.
Binta G. Kurfi
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Kamaluddeen Babagana
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Despite advancements in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the disease remains lethal, often developing resistance to conventional therapies such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. Therapy resistance poses a significant challenge, particularly in aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Data on TP53 mutations, especially gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, and their specific impact on prostate cancer metabolism remain limited, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding to uncover new therapeutic avenues. This study aimed to explore the metabolic consequences of TP53 GOF mutations (R175H and R273H) in prostate cancer progression using metabolomics analysis. Approximately 300 metabolites were significantly altered across PC3-GFP (KO), PC3-TP53WT (WT), and PC3-TP53 mutant (R175H & R273H) models. Key findings revealed dysregulation of essential metabolites, such as α-ketoglutarate and spermidine, which support cancer cell survival and progression. These insights not only enhance our understanding of the interplay between TP53 mutations and metabolic alterations but also identify potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targeting in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. In the TP53-R175H mutant, numerous essential metabolites were dysregulated (downregulated: glutamine, GAP/DHAP, and α-ketoglutarate; Upregulated: deoxyuridine, spermidine, and pseudouridine) when compared with the control (KO) thereby causing metabolic shifts that favor cancer cell survival. Conversely, metabolites such as GlaNAC/GlcNAC, adenosine, acetoacetic acid, acetylcholine, octopamine, itaconic acid, lactic acid, and NADP+ are all downregulated in the R273H mutant. While spermine, spermidine, N-acetyl-DL-serine, pseudouridine, deoxyguanosine, sucrose, and AMP/dGMP are upregulated by the R273H mutant but downregulated in GFP (KO). These findings showed that TP53 GOF mutations (R175H & R273H) cause metabolic alterations in numerous metabolites essential for tumor survival and progression. Furthermore, it may provide therapeutic benefits by identifying appropriate biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools for prostate cancer.
Keywords: Prostate cancer, PC-3, TP53Wild-Type, TP53-R175H, TP53-R273H, metabolomics