Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, incurable metabolic disorder caused by the lack of secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Currently, several plants are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Azanza garckeana, a plant with notable medicinal properties, has been characterized by its diverse bioactive metabolites and demonstrated various biological activities, including anti-arthritic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, wound healing, fecundity-enhancing, and reproductive benefits. This study inves4tigates the antidiabetic effects of methanol extracts from different parts of Azanza garckeana in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty eight (28) white albino rats weighing about 220–250 g were used for this study and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin. The albino rats were randomly divided into seven (7) groups which are as follows:  Groups; normal control, diabetic control groups, standard drug (metformin),  diabetes treated fruit, diabetes treated leaves, diabetes treated root and diabetes treated stem with Azanza garckeana extracts (100 mg/kg) was administered for 28 days. Biochemical parameters, including fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, bilirubin, electrolytes, liver enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes were assessed. The results showed that the crude methanol extract of Azanza garckeana significantly reduced blood glucose levels with the leaf (3.06±0.31 ^b) and fruits (3.77± 0.23^b) showed more significant difference when compared to the root (21.81± 0.96 ^a ) and stem (7.82± 0.40 ^b) while the protein and albumin biomarkers were significantly (P ≤0.005) increased across groups. It also improved the lipid profiles, restored liver enzyme activity, and enhanced antioxidant defense mechanisms and at the same time a significant positive impact on hematological parameters. These findings support the traditional use of Azanza garckeana leaves in diabetes management and suggest its therapeutic potential for metabolic disorders.