Intracellular Protein Biosynthesis: A Review
Abdulsalam Alhalmi *
School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Nafaa Alzobaidi
Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Amer Abdulrahman
Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine - Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Proteins are macromolecules made up of many amino acids that linked together by peptide bond to make a protein molecule. The sequence and the number of amino acids determines each protein unique structure and specific function. Proteins play a vital role in living systems and play important biological functions. Biosynthesis of protein occur in our body cells in order to support the biological function in our body. Intracellular protein synthesis is a complex process that involve the transformation of information and instructions from a genetic material DNA inside the nucleus to form mRNA molecules that transferred to the cytoplasm and liked to the cytoplasmic ribosome. Subsequently, the m RNA and further encode a sequence of amino acid in a specific order and number to form a polypeptide chains that finally undergoes conformational changes and folding to form a particular structure protein. This review will focus on the tow consecutive stages of protein biosynthesis; transcription and translation, and their substage processes; initiation, elongation, and termination. Briefly, overview the role of protein in the biological function and the different types of protein structure.
Keywords: Proteins, amino acids, peptide, transcription, translation.