https://journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/issue/feed 2026-09-29T09:40:33+00:00 Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biolog [email protected] Open Journal Systems <p><strong>Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (ISSN: 2582-3698)</strong> aims to publish high-quality papers (<a href="https://journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>). The area of interest of AJBGMB includes but not restricted to all aspects of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> https://journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/article/view/569 2026-09-29T09:05:26+00:00 Deepa Rajput Arpit Katiyar [email protected] Umansh Narayan Awasthi

<p>The present study investigates the isolation and characterisation of lupeol from <em>Ficus racemosa</em> and rutin from <em>Annona squamosa</em> to evaluate their synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. The study includes the phytochemical profiles, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant potential of <em>Ficus racemosa</em> and <em>Annona squamosa</em> extracts. Phytochemical screening of methanolic and ethanolic extracts revealed key secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and carbohydrates, although variations were observed between the two plant species. Methanolic extracts of <em>Ficus racemosa</em> were rich in phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, and saponins, whereas ethanolic extracts of <em>Annona squamosa</em> predominantly contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. Chromatographic analysis using thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as lupeol and rutin, with Rf values consistent with those of the standard compounds. Structural characterisation by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy supported the identity of the isolated compounds by revealing characteristic functional groups. Further confirmation and purity assessment using HPLC demonstrated distinct retention times for lupeol (4.32 min) and rutin (~5.497 min), indicating successful isolation. Antimicrobial activity, evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, showed that both plant extracts inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The combined extract (1:1) showed greater antibacterial activity at higher concentrations, particularly against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>, as indicated by increasing zones of inhibition. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible under the conditions tested. Antioxidant activity assessed using the DPPH assay showed strong free-radical-scavenging activity of the combined extract, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.28 mg/mL, compared with 0.26 mg/mL for ascorbic acid. Overall, the findings indicate that <em>Ficus racemosa</em> and <em>Annona squamosa</em> extracts possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities under the experimental conditions used.</p>

2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://journalajbgmb.com/index.php/AJBGMB/article/view/570 2026-09-29T09:40:33+00:00 Mumtaz Ali Bhushan Ghanmode Ashwin Atkulwar [email protected]

<p><strong>Background: </strong>&nbsp;H5N1 influenza virus circulates across multiple avian and mammalian hosts, creating genetically diverse lineages at wildlife-livestock interfaces.</p> <p><strong>Aims:</strong> This study assessed hemagglutinin (HA) gene diversity and evolutionary relationships among H5N1 viruses detected in non-human animal hosts in India.</p> <p><strong>Methodology:</strong> A total of 140 H5N1 HA gene sequences sampled between 2006 and 2025 were retrieved from the NCBI Virus database. Sequences of at least 1,700 bp were aligned, 111 haplotypes were identified, and a median-joining network was constructed to examine genetic affinities and host-associated connections.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The network revealed interconnected lineages with marked host-associated structure. Poultry-associated <em>Gallus gallus</em> haplotypes formed the largest and most complex component, including multiple star-like patterns consistent with substantial diversification. Turkey haplotypes were closely connected to poultry haplotypes, whereas corvid haplotypes formed an extended branch. Haplotypes associated with <em>Felis catus</em>, <em>Panthera tigris</em>, and <em>Panthera pardus</em> were positioned near the periphery of poultry-associated lineages, indicating repeated spillover into mammalian hosts rather than a broad mammalian transmission lineage. Median vectors connected several host-associated branches and represented potential unsampled or intermediate variants.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The HA network showed considerable genetic diversity and complex host relationships across poultry, wild birds, and mammals. These findings support integrated genomic surveillance across wildlife-livestock interfaces to improve tracking of lineage emergence and cross-species transmission.</p>

2026-09-29T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.